Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth

• Brilatvasavalcha-1, Brihatvasavaleha-2, Briharvasavaleha-3 should be taken standard.

• There is no significant difference in manufacturing process of Brihatvesvaleha-1,
Brihatvasavalcha-2 & Brihatavasavalcha-3.

• All the formulations showed highly significant results in cardinal symptoms (P-0.001)
But the percentage of relief was seen more (58.53%) in Brihatavasavaleha-2 (Group B)
followed by (51.98%) in Brihatavasavaleha-3 (Group-C) and Brikarvasavaleha-1 (Group
(47,61%) in comparison to each other.

• Overall effect of treatment: In Group-A Brihatavasavaleha-1, 45% patient's attained
moderate improvement while 55% patients attained mild improvement. In Group-B
Brihatavasavaleha-2, 100% patients attain moderate improvement. And in Group-C
Brihasavasavaleha-3, 75% patients attained moderate improvement while 20% patients
attained mild improvement and 5% patients attained markedly improvement.

• No remarkable side effects of all three formulations observed during the study.

All the three samples of Brihatavasavaleha are potent drug for disease Shwasa roga,

 The following points can be derived as conclusion at the end of this study -
• Formulation as Pashanbhinna Rasa has not been found described by name in Bruhattrayi.
• In both pharmaceuticals process, weight loss of Pashanbhinna Rasa- B was more than Pashanbhinna Rasa - A
• It found that the chakrikas were melt and converted in to a bolus wet condition in Dola yantra processes but in Valuka yantra processes all the chakrikas adhere each other and found in dry condition.
• Analytical data of Pashanbhinna Rasa - A & B was the ash value, acid insoluble ash, total mercury & LOD were higher in Pashanbhinna Rasa- B compared to Pashanbhinna Rasa- A. The Ph value, total sulphur, water soluble ash, water soluble extractive & alcohol soluble extractive were found higher in Pashanbhinna Rasa- A compared to Pashanbhinna Rasa- B.
• Ovarall effect of treatment:
Group- A (Pashanbhinna Rasa-A): Out of 20 patients 45% cured, 30% markedly improved, 25% moderately improved.
Group -B (Pashanabinna Rasa-B): Out of 20 patients 40% cured, 30% markedly improved, 30% moderately improved.
So, on this basis, it can be concluded that swedana in water imparts more therapeutic effect rather than valuka puta means during preparation heat given required is very less. Therefore the Group- A (Pashanbhinna Rasa-A) is found to be significantly effective as compared to Group -B (Pashanabinna Rasa-B).

Mr Sudhakar Bhat, Research Officer,  Department of pharmacology, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda, And Allied Sciences, Udupi

Mr Sudhakar Bhat, Research Officer,  Department of pharmacology, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda, And Allied Sciences, Udupi

Dr. Mukesh Nariya(Head Pharmacology)
Dr. V. J. Shukla (Head Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

Dr. V. J. Shukla  (Head Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

Dr. V. J. Shukla  (Head Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

§ Qualitative analysis shows the presence of elements like Ag, S, Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Hg in both the samples. These elements are required for the nourishment development and function of the brain.
§ Based on Quantitative analysis of Rajata Bhasma it contains Ag- 79.69%, S- 11.24%, Al-0.065%,  Cu- 0.0216 %, Fe- 0.1153 %, Zn- 0.0006  %, Mg-  %, with Hg- 0.281% is in permissible limit Bhasma is safe for internal administration.
§ Instrumental method of analysis like XRD, SEM, ICPAES etc. Silver sulphide is an important phase of crystallite present in Rajata Bhasma.
§ As per XRD reports, Rajata Bhasma is in crystalline form with the chemical compounds Ag2S1, Ag3 As1 S3 AgO2 and Fe3O4.
§ Based on SEM-EDX study, mean particle size of Rajata Bhasma is in 100-395 nanometre range.
§ Rajata Bhasma is being explained as Medhya in classics it is been proved by the experimental studies using Morris water maze test.
§ For parameters like the retention memory, number of cross over, spent spent in the target quadrant Rajata Bhasma has shown effect but it did not reach statistically significant level.
§ Rajata Bhasma is statistically significant for parameters like acquisition and is highly significant for long term memory which is revealed through experimental study. This reveals that Rajata Bhasma has memory retention, retrieval and memory enhancing property.
§ It can be concluded that the Rajata Bhasma Kajjali Marita having Balya, Rasayana, Madhura Vipaka, Sheeta Veerya properties helps in improving the learning and memory and has proved to be statistically significant for acquisition and long term memory.

Dr. IG Shibi M.SC, M. PHIL, Ph. D. TGS Member., RUSA State Project Directorate, Government Of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram

 
Kaarshya is mentioned elaborately in a chapter devoted to Baalaroga in Yogaratnaakar and Bhavprakash has also discussed the disease in detail.
v It can be co related to malnutrition, though the etiology according to modern concept and ayurvedic concept vary grossly.
v Kaarshya, with Vaata as primary dosha has Rasa as its primary dushya, secondarily affecting Mamsa and Meda, too. Yashada bhasma is a proven immunomodulator, and a lesser incidence of infections is a pre requisite for normal growth speed of individuals in the growing years.
v Yashada bhasma ,a chief ingredient of the formulation has pivotal role in curing Rasapradoshaja vikaara. Laghumaalini vasanta rasa with synergistic effect of all the ingredients works on bringing samaavastha of Jatharaagni, deranged by Vaataprakopa; relieves amadosha; removes srotavarodha and restores nourishment of Rasadhaatu and thereon mamsa dhaatu and medadhaatu.
v According to modern concept, LMV replenishes Zinc deficiency, which in turn repairs the immune system and also corrects malfunction in enzymatic complexes-of which Zinc is an integral part, so it works on digestive system as well; effectualising anabolic changes.
v In Pharmaceutical study, we concluded that temperature had to be sustained at 7000 C for 45-50 minutes for proper bhasma formation in each of the seven putas.
v Better palatability was conferred by using kshaudra as sahapaan.
v The pH of Sample LMV 1 is 6.5% and the pH of Sample LMV 2 is 6.2% which showed that both samples were acidic in nature but the Sample LMV 2 was slightly more acidic than Sample LMV 1. The ash value indicates the inorganic load of a drug. There was variation in the ash value of both the samples. Ash value of Sample LMV 1 was 18.9% w/w while Ash value of Sample LMV 2 was 17.56% w/w which indicates inorganic load was higher in Sample LMV 1 than in Sample LMV 2. There was not much variation in the loss of drying of samples as it were 4.28% w/w  and 3.97% w/w in Sample LMV 1 and Sample LMV 2 respectively.
v Though both modules of the drug- LMV 1 and LMV 2 gave beneficial results, but the results were statistically more significant in Group B than in Group –A. so, it could be concluded that LMV 2, with an added ingredient-Hingula which is sarvadoshanaashak and jatharaagni pradeepaka is more effective than LMV 1 in treating Kaarshya.
 

Dr. Saritha.A.Pillai, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Amrita School Of Physical Sciences

Dr. IG Shibi M.SC, M. PHIL, Ph. D. TGS Member. RUSA State Project Directorate, Government Of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram

v No study has been conducted on Kanakarishtain vicharchika.

v Mostly Ashawa andArishta are made from sugar and jaggery.But Kanakarishta is the exception of them, becausein the referanceof kanakarishta honeyis used for sweetning.
v In this present study total 5 patient (16.66%) have got marked improvement while 12 patients (40%) were Moderately improved and 13patient (43.33%) had got mild improvement.
v At the end of prepration, Alcohol content of the kankarishta was 5.04.
 

2. The organoleptic parameters of all the 5 samples of Triphala Arka reveals consistency of all five samples are liquid in form, colourless, with astringent taste and characteristic mild triphala odour. This shows the uniformity of 5 samples.

3. Physio chemical properties of all the 5 samples of Triphala Kashaya reveals Specific gravity range :1.042 - 1.070, Ph range : 3.13 - 3.32, All this parameters show minimum ranges which shows the uniformity of the samples prepared.

4. Loss on drying and total ash range of all the 5 samples of TK is 3.425% - 3.944% and 4.050% -4.558% twhich is minimum, shows low moisture content ,higher stability and reasonably low,which indicates low contamination of the formulation.

5. Physio chemical properties of all the 5 samples of Triphala Arka reveals Specific gravity range : 1.001- 1.002, Ph range : 5.08- 5.12. All the parameters show minimum ranges which shows the uniformity of the samples prepared.

6. By comparing the specific gravity and Ph of TK and TA reveals that arka is lighter and less acidic in compared with TK.

7. By converting Arka the Shelf Life of the formulation can be increased.

8. Arkas are Laghu Paki, Vyavayi and Vikasi, and thus assimilates quickly in the body. Highly palatable and easy to consume for people of all ages.

Out of this, Sample I showed maximum characteristics of Grahyatva and less properties of Agrahyatva, Chemically showed more amounts of Fe and Mg, fitted maximum in geological parameters and showed excellent vanhisahatva or no change in special heat test. Hence, Sample I was termed as grahya sample.
• Sample G showed less characteristics of Grahyatva while maximum properties of Agrahyatva, also the Fe and Mg % were very low.
• On exposing to the heat, it showed no Vanhisahatva and changes were observed in the sample. Hence, Sample G was termed as Agrahya sample.
• The SEM-EDS analysis of the samples was also done. The results were similar to the assessment done by organoleptic proforma.
• In this Scanning Electron Microscope was used to note the surface changes on the samples by taking photographs at varied magnifications. However, no notable difference was observed in the surfaces of both the samples taken.
• The EDS technique was used to determine the elemental composition. As Mica is a composite material it showed varied elements like Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium, Potassium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium and Calcium, Along with traces of heavy metals like Arsenic. Sample-G showed high percentage of Aluminium, whereas Sample-I showed high percentage of magnesium. Sample-I also showed traces of Arsenic, whereas no heavy metal traces were found in Sample- G.
• Percentages of Fe, Mg, K in sample I were higher than sample G while percentage of Aluminium was higher in sample G than Sample I.
• The special test revealed following conclusions:
(1) The samples showing Vanhisahatva, Sukhnirmocchya patra are available today also.
(2) The red hot stage for grahya Abhrak is achieved at a very high temperature (Above 600°C).
• Thus, it can be concluded that the subjective parameters described in ancient text are valid, only the critical analysis of norms described for every rasadravya is required.

A vision should be developed to understand the ancient system of assessment and this fact is supported by the modern analysis.
• The correlation between the ancient and modern parameters is necessary and it is achievable.
• Hence, the establishment of ancient Identification parameters in terms of modern science standardization of raw Abhrak.
• The outcome of the study will lead to use of standard Abhrak in Pharmaceutical production of Ayurvedic drugs.
Shodhan of standardized Abhrak :
• Shodhana is a prime procedure of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics which is utilized for further pharmaceutical procedure or used in formulation.
• Shodhana detoxifies the drug and increases the safety and efficacy of the drug.
• An average temperature of Abhrak in red hot stage was noted as 767.28°C during shodhan in Godugdh,
• An average temperature of Abhrak in red hot stage was noted as 749.140C during shodhan in Gomutra.
• Abhrak sample showed more weight loss before and after shodhan in Godugdh , compared to that in Gomutra. An average loss of abhrak was noted as 3.8 g (7.6 %) after Shodhan in Godugdh. The average loss of abhrak after shodhan in Gomutra was noted as 3.2 gm (6.4 %).
• The PH of abhrak after shodhan in Godugdh was 8.2 . The PH after shodhan in Gomutra is 8.5. This indicates that after shodhan the alkalinity of the abhrak increases.
• Total solid content of the Godugdh before Nirvapa was 13.52 and after Nirvapa was 18.57. Total solid content of the Gomutra before Nirvapa was 0.51 % and after Nirvapa was 3.20.
• Thus, we can conclude that there was more solid particle precipitate in Godugdh as compared to Gomutra.
• The SEM analysis did not show any notable difference in the surfaces of both the samples taken.

The EDS analysis showed difference in the elemental composition of both samples.
• There was substantial decrease in level of Arsenic in Godugdh shodhit sample as compared to Gomutra shodhit sample.
• The calcium level Increased considerably in Godugdh shodhit sample as compared to Gomutra shodhit sample.
• Aluminium, Iron and Potassium content of the Mica was lowered more after shodhan in Godugdh as compared to shodhan in Gomutra.
• Magnesium content of Mica increased after shodhan in Gomutra, while a slight decrease was observed after shodhan in Godugdh.
• According to present study, it can be concluded that Godugdh may serve as more efficient media for shodhana of Abhrak as compared to Gomutra.

2) CATALASE
• The mean result of Sample was 2401 KU/L and control was 58.5KU/L.
• Sample shown significant effect compared to control.

3)GSH
• The mean reading of serum has shown 15.8umol/L and Control – serum sample 0.88umol/L.
• Sample shown significant antioxidant activity than Control.

4)MDA
• The mean reading of sample was 8.35mmol/L and control serum sample 20.4 mmol/L was noted.
• Sample has shown significant than to control.

Among these sample with SOD, MDA, GSH and Catalase parameters has shown significant free radical scavenging activity.
Individual ingredients of Jwaramurari Rasa contains phytochemical constituents like alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, flavonoids, proteins, saponins, and tripenoids might have contributed in free radical scavenging activity.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT:
Jwaramurari Rasa was subjected for immno-modulatory activity on three sample of healthy human blood with four parameters. Results of all the four parameters have shown significant immno-modulatory effect.
1. NBT test:

i)All the concentrations of Jwaramurari Rasa have shown highly significant stimulation of neutrophils for phagocytic activity, with 5%(56%),12.5%(62%), 25%(92%), 50%(92%), and 100%(95%).
ii) 100% (95%) solution of Jwaramurari Rasa has shown highly significant result with NBT test stimulation of neutrophils than 5%(56%),12.5%(62%), 25%(92%), and 50%(92%).
2. Phagocytosis: